The limitations of IPv4 are becoming increasingly evident in today’s digitally interconnected world. Address exhaustion has pushed IPv4 to its limits, with its 4.3 billion unique addresses proving insufficient for the exponential growth of devices such as smartphones, IoT technologies, and 5G networks. As organizations scale, IPv4’s challenges with scalability lead to inefficiencies in data routing and increased operational overhead. Security vulnerabilities further complicate IPv4 usage, with limited end-to-end encryption and complex NAT deployments making robust security management a necessity. Fragmentation within IPv4 networks contributes to packet loss and interoperability challenges, particularly in dual-stack implementations. Moreover, IPv4’s inability to support modern technologies, coupled with geographic disparities in address distribution, has left many regions underserved and reliant on costly, secondary markets for addresses.